炭黑表面接枝改性及其分散液稳定性的研究
作者：谢扬
院校:天津大学
关键字:
学位：硕士
专业:应用化学
摘要:
炭黑是一种介观结构、粒子形态和表面性能都极为特殊的碳素材料，不仅具有良好的化学稳定性和耐光、热、气候稳定性，还具有优异的着色性能，是一种理想的黑色颜料。 在Boehm法的基础上，应用酸碱反应的基本原理进行炭黑的表面官能团分析，通过采用滴定法确定反应终点，使测量的准确性和重现性均得到提高。该方法可求出炭黑表面含氧官能团的含量。 本文通过氧化、羟甲基化反应，在炭黑表面引入羟甲基，并与Ce4+组成引发体系，引发丙烯酸丁酯在炭黑表面进行接枝聚合，使炭黑在无水乙醇中的分散稳定性大大提高。 接枝炭黑分散液具有优异耐高温性。 为了避免粒子返粗和获得高分散稳定性，本实验引入超声波，利用超声场的分散作用将团聚的粒子粉碎到初级粒子，然后进行接枝反应。 通过甲醛与炭黑表面接枝的聚乙烯醇反应，生成聚乙烯醇缩甲醛，使亲水性炭黑转化为亲油性炭黑，接枝炭黑在丙酮中具有良好的分散性。 聚乙烯醇缩甲醛接枝炭黑的丙酮分散液具有很强的耐温性能。 对热处理后的炭黑和接枝炭黑进行化学镀，并通过X射线衍射（XRD）以及透射电镜（TEM）表征了镀铜后的炭黑。 借助红外光谱、透射电镜（TEM）等测试手段对接枝炭黑进行了表征。
Abstract:
Carbon black is a special kind of carbonaceous material on the microstructure, particle configuration and surface behavior. It has good chemical stability, resistance to light and heat, and weatherability.It is a perfect black pigment for its excellent bepainted quality. Based on the principle of acid-base reaction, the automatic electrometric titration has been used for the quantitative determination of the oxygenic functional groups, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, lactone and total acidity. In this thesis, hydroxymethyl was introduced onto the surface of carbon black, which had experienced oxidization and hydroxymethylation. Then, butyl acrylate (BA) was initiated and grafted onto the surface of carbon black in the presence of Cerium ion. The dispersibility of the grafted carbon black in the absolute alcohol was improved a lot. The dispersion of the carbon black grafted by butyl acrylate shows high resistance to high temperature. The ultrasonic field was applied to the preparation of grafted carbon black.The particles can be separated effectively. Polyvinyl alcoholwas introduced onto the surface of carbon black.Then the grafed carbon black reacted with formaldehyde in order to synthesis polyvinyl butyral which was introduced onto the surface of carbon black. The dispersibility of the grafted carbon black in the absolute acetone was improved a lot. The dispersion of the carbon black grafted by polyvinyl butyral shows high resistance to high temperature. Cu-coated carbon black was first prepared by electroless plating. In addition, the grafted carbon black was characterized by IR spectrum 、TEM、XRD and so on.